You Must Have a Qualifying Disability

The Social Security Administration (SSA) defines a disability as a condition that:

• Prevents you from performing substantial gainful activity (SGA)
• Is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death

SSA uses a Listing of Impairments, also known as the “Blue Book,” which includes severe physical and mental conditions that may automatically qualify if specific criteria are met. If your condition is not listed, you can still qualify if you can prove it prevents you from working.

You Must Have Earned Enough Work Credits

SSDI is not a need-based program—it’s based on your work history. To qualify, you must have worked long enough and recently enough under Social Security. This is measured in work credits, which you earn by paying Social Security taxes.

• Most people need 40 work credits, with 20 earned in the last 10 years
• Younger workers may qualify with fewer credits

In 2025, one work credit is earned for every $1,730 in wages, up to four credits per year.

Your Disability Must Prevent You from Working

SSA will evaluate whether your condition:

• Prevents you from doing your past work
• Prevents you from adjusting to other types of work

Your age, education, and job skills will be considered. If SSA finds that you cannot work in any reasonable capacity, you may be approved.

You Must Not Be Engaged in Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA)

To qualify, your monthly earnings must be below the SGA threshold:

• In 2025, that limit is $1,550 per month (or $2,590 for blind individuals)

If you are earning above this amount, you are generally considered not disabled by SSA standards.

You Must Be a U.S. Citizen or Qualifying Resident

You must be either:

• A U.S. citizen, or
• A lawfully present noncitizen who meets additional requirements

Some noncitizens who have worked and paid Social Security taxes long enough may qualify.